带消能连梁的矩形空心双柱式高墩抗震性能试验研究

基于震后功能可恢复的设计理念，按1/20几何缩尺比设计和制作了矩形空心双柱式高墩和带消能连梁的矩形空心双柱式高墩模型，开展了低周往复荷载作用下的拟静力试验研究，分析了试件的破坏形态及过程，比较研究了试件的强度、累积滞回耗能、墩柱曲率和位移延性等抗震性能参数。试验结果表明:与普通的矩形空心双柱式高墩相比，带消能连梁的矩形空心双柱式高墩具有更好的耗能能力、承载能力和位移延性能力，消能连梁可有效减小墩柱曲率，从而有效降低了墩柱的地震损伤。因此，带消能连梁的矩形空心双柱式高墩具有更优良的抗震性能。     

Performance validation of a hybrid ventilation strategy comprising longitudinal and point ventilation by a fire experiment using a model-scale tunnel

We examined the exhaust performance of a hybrid ventilation strategy for maintaining a safe evacuation environment for tunnel users in a tunnel fire. The hybrid ventilation strategy combines the longitudinal ventilation strategy with the point ventilation strategy which is a type of transverse ventilation strategy. The model tunnel developed by this study was scaled to 1/5 the size of a full-scale tunnel. The model-scale experiment was performed taking into consideration Froude's law of similarity. Measurement items were the distribution of temperature and concentration of smoke inside the tunnel, longitudinal wind velocity, mass flow of smoke in the point ventilation duct, and the heat release rate of the fire source. The following main conclusions were obtained. The smoke height was constant even when varying the extraction rate of smoke from the ceiling vent. The backlayering length and critical velocity of the smoke flow in the hybrid strategy could be predicted by the methodology developed by using the longitudinal strategy. The hybrid strategy maintained a safe evacuation environment on both sides of the tunnel fire.     

Flutter control effect and mechanism of central-slotting for long-span bridges

The flutter control effect and mechanism of central-slotting, which have gradually been adopted in the design and construction of long-span bridges as an effective flutter controlling measure, were investigated with theoretical analysis and wind tunnel test. Five basic girder cross-sections representing five typical aerodynamic configurations were selected and central-slotted with two different slot widths. Then, a series of sectional model tests and theoretical analyses based on the two-dimensional three-degrees-of-freedom coupling flutter analysis method (2 dimension-3 degrees of freedom method, 2d-3DOF method) were carried out to investigate the aerody namic performance, flutter mechanism and flutter modality of the five basic sections and their corresponding central-slotted sections. The results show that central-slotting can not always improve the aerodynamic stability of bridge structure. The control effect of central-slotting depends on the aerodynamic configuration of the original girder section and the corresponding central-slotting width. If the original section is inappropriate or the slot width is unsuitable, central-slotting will even deteriorate the structural flutter performance. Theoretical investigations indicated that the differences in flutter control effects come from the different formation and evolution of aerodynamic damping, and flutter modality especially the participation level of heaving motion also has a significant influence on the control effect of central-slotting. __________ Translated from China Civil Engineering Journal, 2006, 39(7): 74–80 [译自: 土木工程学报]     

平端板连接半刚性梁柱组合节点的转动能力

本文在现有研究成果基础之上,针对连接分别承受正、负弯矩作用的情况,给出了平端板连接梁柱组合节点转动能力的计算方法,考虑了钢筋的伸长变形、螺栓的伸长变形、栓钉的滑移变形、混凝土楼板的压缩变形等因素。利用本文给出的方法计算得到的连接转角,是组合节点转动能力的下限值。     

Non-linear finite element analysis of axially restrained steel beams at elevated temperatures in a fire

A method is presented for the analysis of the non-linear structural behavior of axially restrained steel beams at elevated temperatures, which employs the axis arc-length and section rotation of the deformed beam as basic variables. The novelty of the proposed formulation is an inclusion of a balance function that measures the error of the equilibrium between the internal- and external-forces in a cross-section of the beam. This strategy can easily deal with the geometric non-linearity and elasto-plasticity of steel at elevated temperatures. Each node for representing the section of the beam has two degrees of freedom in the proposed method. It is more computationally economical than the traditional beam element, which has three degrees of freedom. An example beam is studied to verify the proposed method. Parameters including the load ratio, axial restraint stiffness ratio, transversal and longitudinal temperature gradient, are studied. The middle-span’s deflection, axial force and moment, along with the strain and stress distributions across the section, are calculated at elevated temperatures. The comparison with results from the finite element method employing shell elements shows that the method presented here is precise.     

圆钢管相贯节点滞回特性的实验研究

对两种几何特征的圆钢管空间相贯节点进行了静力单调和反复加载的实验研究,以作为进一步研究钢管桁架抗震性能的基础。设计了专用的加载装置以对试件中的杆件和节点施加较大内力。通过对4个试件的实验,得到了节点滞回特性曲线。研究揭示了这类节点塑性变形沿首次塑性开展方向累积的特点,并指出单调加载曲线可以基本包覆滞回曲线。实验表明,采用相贯节点的钢管结构,其滞回特性取决于节点的滞回行为。对给定节点在反复加载下的变形能力和耗能能力进行了量化评价。     

光纤光栅传感器在桥墩模型试验中的应用

针对光纤光栅传感器在不同受力情况下的测量效果,选取了3个分别采用Pushover和拟静力加载的钢筋混凝土桥墩模型,运用光纤光栅传感器和电阻应变片及电阻位移计,对模型的钢筋和混凝土应变及顶部水平位移进行了同步测量(共9组测量对比试验)。通过比较2类传感器在同一时刻的测量值和整个加载过程的时间-应变(位移)曲线,并结合试验结果对其中差异做了分析。结果表明,2类传感器量测结果符合较好,光纤光栅应用于应变、位移的测量是可靠的、有效的。最后对此类试验中需要注意的问题提出了建议。     

无屈曲波纹钢板墙抗震性能与设计理论

提出了一种承载-消能双功能构件,即无屈曲波纹钢板墙。该构件通过利用波纹钢板自身较大的面外刚度,避免过早发生面外屈曲,以保证其在屈曲前可充分屈服消能。首先,通过波型参数分析,包括板厚、波高、波折角度等,得到了保证波纹墙在1/50层间位移角下不发生屈曲的最优波型,并针对波纹钢板的高厚比、宽厚比以及高宽比等进行了参数分析,分析结果表明,波纹钢板高厚比和宽厚比是影响波纹墙抗震性能的主要因素,对于波型7和波型10,当波纹钢板高厚比、宽厚比分别不大于临界值177、226时,在1/50层间位移角下不会发生面外屈曲。然后基于最优波型,提出了无屈曲波纹钢板墙的设计理论,得到了屈服承载力、极限承载力和初始抗侧刚度等理论计算公式,并利用2种最优波型共4个试件对设计理论和最优波型进行了试验验证。结果表明,高厚比(宽厚比)大于临界值的试件,在层间位移角1/50下发生了面外屈曲,而小于临界值的试件未屈曲,且滞回曲线饱满,承载力、刚度与理论值吻合较好。最后,提出了混合强化法则参数确定的简化计算方法,并利用得到的参数进行了试验数值模拟,以及参数分析了不同钢材对波纹钢板墙抗震性能的影响,分析表明,应优先采用伸长率大、屈服强度低的钢材。     

基于结构性能的抗震设计理论与方法

基于性能的抗震设计(PBSD)是20世纪90年代国际抗震工程界提出的新概念,也是工程抗震发展史上的一个重要里程碑。详细阐述了基于性能的抗震设计理论产生的背景、基本概念、主要内容和特点,较系统地分析了基于性能的抗震分析和设计方法,并指出了基本性能抗震设计理论与传统设计理论的主要区别。     

典型超高层建筑风荷载幅值特性研究

本文对10个典型的超高层建筑刚性模型进行了测量表面风压的风洞试验,获得了各测量层的阻力、升力和扭矩系数的平均值和根方差。讨论了各测量层风荷载系数随风向角的变化规律,以及高宽比和断面长宽比对方形及矩形建筑风荷载的影响。结果表明,倒角方形、Y形和三角形建筑的风荷载均小于方形与矩形建筑;方形建筑高宽比的增大导致升力系数的根方差明显增大;矩形建筑断面长宽比的增大则使阻力系数的平均值、根方差减少,而升力系数的根方差增大;D类和B类风场中的平均气动力系数相近,而D类风场中脉动气动力系数的根方差大于B类风场。